Types of Orbits

      Non-Geostationary Orbit ("NGSO")

• Low earth orbit ("LEO"), Medium Earth orbit ("MEO"), High Earth orbit ("HEO").
• Tiungsat-1 and Razaksat, the earliest NGSO Malaysian satellites, were respectively launched in September 2000 and July 2009.
• International Space Station ("ISS") orbits the Earth at an average altitude of approximately 400 km.
• Rising number of NGSO constellations (inclusing LEO and MEO satellites) particularly for broadband connectivity.

     Geostationary Orbit ("GSO")

• At 36,000 km above equator, the satellite remains in fixed position relative to a particular points on Earth.
• A satellite capable of providing coverage cover approximately one-third of the Earth's surface.
• MEASAT-1 and -2 were the first Malaysian privately owned satellite launched respectively in January and November 1996.